Symbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition
= equals sign equality
≠ not equal sign inequality
≈ approximately equal approximation
> strict inequality greater than
< strict inequality less than
≥ inequality greater than or equal to
≤ inequality less than or equal to
( ) parentheses calculate expression inside first
[ ] brackets calculate expression inside first
+ plus sign addition
− minus sign subtraction
± plus - minus both plus and minus operations
± minus - plus both minus and plus operations
* asterisk multiplication
× times sign multiplication
⋅ multiplication dot multiplication
÷ division sign / obelus division
/ division slash division
— horizontal line division / fraction
mod modulo remainder calculation
. period decimal point, decimal separator
ab power exponent
a^b caret exponent
√a square root
√a ⋅ √a = a
3√a cube root 3√a ⋅ 3√a ⋅ 3√a = a
4√a fourth root 4√a ⋅ 4√a ⋅ 4√a ⋅ 4√a = a
n√a n-th root (radical)
% percent 1% = 1/100
‰ per-mille 1‰ = 1/1000 = 0.1%
ppm per-million 1ppm = 1/1000000
ppb per-billion 1ppb = 1/1000000000
ppt per-trillion 1ppt = 10-12
