1. Ground shaking - a principal cause of the partial or total collapse of structures, is the vibration of the ground caused by seismic waves during an earthquake.
2. Rock Falls - individual rock falls cause relatively few deaths and limited damage, collectively, they rank as a major earthquake-induced hazard because they are so frequent.
3. Landslides - The effects of landslides include the cost to repair structures, loss of property value, disruption of transportation routes, medical costs in the event of injury, and indirect costs such as lost timber and lost fish stocks.
4. Volcanic eruption - It can cause rain, thunder and lightning. Fast-moving lava can kill people and falling ash can make it hard for them to breathe. They can also die from famine, fires and earthquakes. People can lose their possessions as volcanoes can destroy houses, roads and fields. Lava can kill plants and animals too.
